ABSTRACT In the Amazon region, andiroba (Carapa guianensis) oil is among the most used products by the local population due to its medicinal properties. Previously, our group described the leishmanicidal activity of three limonoid-rich fractions from andiroba oil. This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and ultrastructural changes in Leishmania amazonensis treated with these limonoid-rich fractions from andiroba oil: 6α,11β-diacetoxygedunin; 11β-hydroxygedunin; and a fraction with both 6α,11β-diacetoxygedunin +11β-hydroxygedunin. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH method and ultrastructural changes were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The fraction with both 6α,11β-diacetoxygedunin + 11β-hydroxygedunin displayed the best antioxidant activity (IC50 330.35 ± 8.60 µg mL-1; p=0.0022) compared to the 6α,11β-diacetoxygedunin fraction. The three fractions induced structural changes to mitochondria and kinetoplasts of L. amazonensis, in addition to lipid bodies, vacuolization, and vesicles in the flagellar pocket, indicating that the limonoid-rich fractions from andiroba oil can induce structural damage to Leishmania.

RESUMO Na região Amazônica, o óleo de andiroba (Carapa guianensis) é um dos produtos mais utilizados pela população local devido às suas propriedades medicinais. Anteriormente, nosso grupo descreveu a atividade leishmanicida de três frações do óleo de andiroba ricas em limonóides. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade antioxidante e alterações ultraestruturais em Leishmania amazonensis tratadas com essas frações ricas em limonóides do óleo de andiroba: 6α,11β-diacetoxigedunina; 11β-hidroxigedunina; e uma fração com ambas 6α,11β-diacetoxigedunina + 11β-hidroxigedunina. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelo método DPPH, e alterações ultraestruturais foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. A fração com ambas 6α,11β-diacetoxigedunina + 11β-hidroxigedunina exibiu a melhor atividade antioxidante (IC50 = 330,35 ± 8,60 µg mL-1; p = 0.0022) comparado com a fração 6α,11β-diacetoxigedunina. As três frações induziram alterações estruturais nas mitocôndrias e cinetoplasto de L. amazonensis, além de corpúsculos lipídicos, vacuolizações e vesículas na bolsa flagelar, indicando que as frações ricas em limonóides do óleo de andiroba podem induzir dano estrutural a Leishmania.

Resumo A maçonaria possui como fundamento princípios iluministas e libertários que garantem à instituição um caráter laico e de tolerância, permitindo aos seus membros a prática da liberdade religiosa. Todavia, os últimos três séculos foram marcados por diversas demonstrações de intolerância entre a instituição maçônica e as diversas religiões, disputas internas que resultaram em cismas e que demonstram contradição entre a teoria e a aplicação prática de tais princípios. Esse texto tem como objetivo analisar algumas dessas tensões, trazendo novas considerações sobre a questão religiosa e sua relação com a maçonaria e os desafios para o futuro.

Abstract Freemasonry is based on illuminist and libertarian principles that guarantee the institution a secular character and tolerance, allowing its members to practice religious freedom. However, the last three centuries were marked by several demonstrations of intolerance between the Masonic institution and the different religions, internal disputes that resulted in schisms and that demonstrate contradiction between the theory and the practical application of such principles. This text aims to analyze some of these tensions, bringing new considerations about the religious issue and its relationship with Freemasonry and the challenges for the future.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o caso de uma égua crioula colombiana de 15 anos com histórico de abortos e não obtenção de embrião, onde foi realizada avaliação do sistema genital externo e interno, ultrassonografia, citologia, cultura e biópsia endometrial realizados como métodos diagnósticos.; que relataram endometrite crônica de classificação II B, associada a edema tipo 4, estabelecendo prognóstico reservado para reprodução, após constatação de endometrite fúngica. O tratamento consistiu no uso de complexos vitaminicos, medicamentos biorreguladores, antifúngicos e antibióticos, nutracêuticos, minerais e lavagens intrauterinas. Após a medicação e três intervalos ovulatórios consecutivos, quatro embriões foram recuperados e transferidos com sucesso, dos quais três chegaram a termo, demonstrando assim a recuperação da função endometrial, graças à identificação dos microorganismos envolvidos e ao estabelecimento de terapia adequada. A endometrite é definida como a inflamação do endométrio, sendo considerada uma das principais causas de sub e infertilidade na égua, que geram perdas econômicas significativas, com incidência de 10 a 15 %. Existem diferentes etiologias, destacando-se a má conformação do perineo, útero abdominal, perda da atividade miometrial, número de montas, fatores moleculares e genéticos, além da presença de bactérias e fungos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to present the case of a 15-year-old Colombian criollo mare with a history of abortions and no embryo obtaining, where the evaluation of the external and internal genital system, ultrasonography, cytology, culture and endometrial biopsy were performed as diagnostic methods; which reported chronic endometritis of classification II B, associated with type 4 edema, and establishing a reserved prognosis for reproduction, after verifying fungal endometritis. The treatment consisted of the use of vitamin complexes, bioregulatory medicine, antifungal and antibiotic therapy, nutraceuticals, minerals, and intrauterine washings. After the medication and three consecutive ovulatory intervals, four embryos were successfully recovered and transferred, of which three reached term, thus demonstrating the recovery of endometrial function, thanks to the identification of the microorganisms involved and the establishment of adequate therapy. And complemented. Endometritis is defined as inflammation of the endometrium, and is considered one of the main causes of sub and infertility in the mare, which generate significant economic losses, with an incidence of 10 to 15 %. There are different etiologies, highlighting the malconformation of the perineum, abdominal uterus, loss of myometrial activity, number of mounts, molecular and genetic factors, and the presence of bacteria and fungi.

RESUMEN El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el caso de una yegua criolla colombiana de 15 años con historial de abortos y nula obtención de embriones, donde fueron realizados como métodos diagnósticos la evaluación del sistema genital externo e interno, ultrasonografia, citología, cultivo y biopsia endometrial; la cual reportó endometritis crónica de clasificación II B, asociada edema tipo 4, y estableciendo un pronóstico reservado para la reproducción, después de comprobarse la endometritis fúngica. El tratamiento consistió en la utilización de complejos vitamínicos, medicina biorreguladora, terapia antimicótica y antibiótica, nutraceúticos, minerales, y lavados intrauterinos. Posterior a la medicación y tres intervalos ovulatorios consecutivos, fueron recuperados y transferidos exitosamente cuatro embriones, de los cuales tres llegaron a término, demostrando así la recuperación de la función endometrial, gracias a la identificación de los microorganismos involucrados y el establecimiento de una terapia adecuada y complementada. La endometritis se define como la inflamación del endometrio, y es considerada una de las principales causas de sub e infertilidad en la yegua, que generan pérdidas económicas significativas, con una incidencia del 10 al 15 %. Existen diferentes etiologías, destacándose la mala conformación del perineo, útero abdominal, pérdida de la actividad miometrial, número de montas, factores moleculares y genéticos, y la presencia de bacterias y hongos.

Abstract Faced with an increasingly globalized and competitive economic market, the formation of solidarity economies and cooperation practices are plausible opportunities for small companies’ development to maintain competitiveness and survival, becoming a path not only to economic but also to human and social development. Therefore, this research aimed to study what competitive gains can be provided to small producers of cassava flour in the village of Manoel dos Santos, a rural area of the municipality of Tracuateua, PA, if they constituted a worker cooperative. The profile of cooperation between producers and the economic environment in case the cooperation takes place was studied, characterizing this research as exploratory with a qualitative methodology. For data collection, the observer researcher and the participant researcher were used as means to carry out interviews, guided by a semi-structured questionnaire and adopting discourse analysis to formulate the results. It was concluded that the constitution of the work cooperative becomes viable, as it can provide the four competitive gains studied (access to solutions, learning and innovation, risk and cost reduction, and social relations). In addition to the results presenting a positive projection of future economic gains with the installed cooperative, most producers are characterized as engaged and committed to the project. This study becomes relevant as it demonstrates that academic knowledge can transform a group of small individual farmers, providing possible alternatives for income generation and social development.

Resumen Ante un mercado económico cada vez más globalizado y competitivo, la formación de economias solidarias y la práctica de la cooperación son oportunidades plausibles de desarrollo de las pequenas empresas para tener competitividad y supervivencia, convirtiéndose en un camino no solo de desarrollo económico, sino también de desarrollo humano y social. Por lo tanto, está investigación tuvo como objetivo principal estudiar qué ganancias competitivas pueden ser proporcionadas a los pequeños productores de harina de yuca en la aldea de Manoel dos Santos, área rural del municipio de Tracuateua, PA, si constituyeron una cooperativa de trabajo. También se estudió el perfil de la cooperación entre los productores y el entorno económico en caso de que se produzca la cooperación, caracterizando este trabajo como exploratorio y cualitativo en relación a su metodología. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó como medio para la realización de entrevistas al investigador observador y al investigador participante, guiados por un cuestionario semiestructurado y adoptando el análisis del discurso para formular los resultados. Se concluyó que la constitución de la cooperativa de trabajo se vuelve viable, ya que tiene la capacidad de proporcionar las cuatro ganancias competitivas estudiadas (acceso a soluciones, aprendizaje e innovación, reducción de riesgos y costos y relaciones sociales). Además de los resultados presentaren positivamente la proyección de ganancias económicas futuras con la cooperativa instalada, la mayoría de los productores se caracterizan como involucrados y comprometidos con el proyecto. Este estudio es relevante ya que demuestra que el conocimiento académico puede transformar a un grupo de pequeños agricultores individuales, generando posibles alternativas de generación de ingresos y desarrollo social.

Resumo Diante de um mercado econômico cada vez mais globalizado e concorrencial, a formação de economias solidárias e a prática de cooperação são oportunidades plausíveis para pequenas empresas se desenvolverem e manterem a competitividade e sobrevivência, tornando-se um caminho não somente para o desenvolvimento econômico, mas também humano e social. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar quais os ganhos competitivos podem ser proporcionados a pequenos produtores de farinha de mandioca da vila de Manoel dos Santos, zona rural do município de Tracuateua, PA, caso eles constituíssem uma cooperativa de trabalho. Foi estudado o perfil de cooperação entre os produtores e o ambiente econômico, caso a cooperação se concretize, caracterizando este trabalho como exploratório e qualitativo. Para a coleta dados, utilizou-se o pesquisador observador e o pesquisador participante para a realização de entrevistas, guiadas por um questionário semiestruturado e adotando a análise de discurso para formulação dos resultados. Concluiu-se que a constituição da cooperativa de trabalho torna-se viável porter a capacidade de proporcionar os quatro ganhos competitivos estudados (acesso a soluções; aprendizagem e inovação; redução de riscos; e custos e relações sociais). Além de os resultados apresentarem positiva projeção dos ganhos econômicos futuros com a cooperativa instalada, a maioria dos produtores se caracterizaram como engajados e comprometidos com o projeto. Este estudo torna-se relevante ao demonstrar que o conhecimento acadêmico pode transformar um grupo de pequenos agricultores individuais, fornecendo possíveis alternativas de geração de renda e desenvolvimento social.

ABSTRACT The present study explored the predictive values of milk leukocyte differentials (MLD) as a basis for improving the diagnosis of intramammary infections (IMIs) and subclinical mastitis. Quarter milk samples were collected for bacteriological analysis, quarter somatic cell count (qSCC), and MLD. The MLD were assessed using the cytospin technique, direct microscopic smears, and flow cytometry. The predictive values of each single leukocyte population and useful potential indices that could better reflect immune complexity were also calculated. Changes in the percentage of any leukocyte alone failed to substantially improve the predictive value of qSCC in diagnosing IMIs. Although certain parameters increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) as a result of increased specificity values, a slight reduction in sensitivity was observed. The so-called CD8 complex was a unique parameter which improved both the sensitivity (78.79 %) and the specificity (80.77 %) in IMI diagnosis, resulting in the highest area under the ROC curve (0.87). To diagnose subclinical mastitis, the percentage of macrophages and the sum of the percentage PMNLs and T CD8+ cells divided by the percentage of macrophages showed the highest predictive values (sensitivity = 79.63, specificity = 73.68, and area under the ROC curve = 0.83) in the differentiation of the inflammatory condition status of cows. In conclusion, this study provides further insights into using T CD8+ lymphocytes in diagnosing bovine IMIs, combined with PMNLs and macrophages. The antidromic trend of macrophages vs. PMNLs and T CD8+ lymphocytes due to the increasing qSCCs was crucial to differentiating quarters under both inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions.

Abstract Paper aims The objective of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of a method, here denominated the due date promise by slack time rule (DDPSTR), to evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness for accepting urgent orders in make-to-order (MTO) environments managed by the Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope (S-DBR) system. Originality Evaluating alternative methods for dealing with urgent orders in MTO environments managed and controlled by the S-DBR system is a subject that has received little attention from academia. This study contributes to the field of knowledge by identifying and comparing three alternatives. Research method To evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness, the DDPSTR was compared with variations of a method based on prior reserve capacity when dealing with regular and urgent orders. Computer simulation was used to model a theoretical production line that emulated the S-DBR system in different scenarios, using average delay and percentage of late orders as performance indicators. Main findings The DDPSTR method achieved optimal results for both indicators, enabling reliable delivery dates and, at the same time, flexibility in accepting urgent orders. Implications for theory and practice This work has verified the effectiveness of the DDPSTR method as a means of dealing with urgent orders without compromising the reliability of previously promised order deadlines. It has additionally proposed the means by which future research can evaluate adaptations, such as offering the shortest feasible delivery times to customers when those initially requested by them prove unworkable.

Abstract This work aimed to associate sexual behavior with serum testosterone and the height of sensitive epithelium of vomeronasal organ (VNO) of Nellore bulls raised extensively and subjected to the VNO blocking during pre-puberty. Thirty-four bulls were divided into three groups. G1 (control group; n = 11): animals were kept intact; G2 (n = 10): animals had their incisive ducts bilaterally cauterized; G3 (n = 13): animals were bilaterally orchy-epiectomized. Five libido tests and blood sampling were performed in three months intervals from pre-puberty until sexual maturity. VNO were collected for histological evaluations by sacrificing the bulls weighting 480 kg. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design. No differences in libido among groups were observed in the first three tests. Attempt to mount, complete mount and the libido score increased at the fourth libido test only for the G1. Scenting and licking increased while the Flehmen reflex (FR) decreased at the fifth libido test for G2 and G3. Positive association between the FR and VNO sensitive epithelium height in G2 was observed. The olfactory stimuli entrance in the VNO is influenced by the Flehmen reflex, and that such organ plays a key role in the libido of Nellore bulls.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento sexual e suas correlações com as concentrações séricas de testosterona e a altura do epitélio sensitivo do órgão vomeronasal (OVN) em machos Nelore (Bos taurus indicus), criados extensivamente e submetidos ao bloqueio do OVN na pré-puberdade. Foram utilizados 34 animais: G1-animais controle, denominados inteiros (n=11), G2-animais com os ductos incisivos bilateralmente cauterizados, denominados bloqueados (n=10) e G3-animais bilateralmente orquiepidectomizados, denominados castrados (n=13). Os animais foram avaliados a cada três meses até a maturidade sexual, sendo realizados cinco testes de libido e coletas de sangue. Foram abatidos os animais com 480 kg, onde foram obtidos os OVN, para avaliação histológica. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. Não houve diferenças (P>0,05) entre grupos nos primeiros três testes de libido. No quarto teste, houve aumento da tentativa de monta, monta completa e escore da libido apenas nos grupos dos inteiros (P<0,05). No quinto teste, houve aumento em cheirar e lamber e redução no reflexo de flehmen (RF) nos bloqueados e castrados (P<0,05). Observou-se alta associação entre o RF e altura do epitélio sensitivo do OVN nos bloqueados (r=0,75; P=0,05). Concluiu-se que a entrada dos estímulos olfatórios ao OVN é influenciada pelo RF e que este órgão exerce importante função no comportamento sexual em machos Nelore.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of synchronization with prostaglandin F2α in Baixadeiro mares during the rainy and dry seasons. Fourteen mares were synchronized by administering two doses of 1 mL prostaglandin PGF 2α and monitored by rectal palpation and ultrasound for the assessment of follicular development and uterine echotexture. Of this total, nine mares allowed the collection of blood, in which the blood was collected by venipuncture of the jugular vein to determine progesterone (P4) by ELISA. Mares showed no differences (P > 0.05) in weight, body score condition (BSC), tone, uterine edema, frequency of ovulation, synchronization interval, estrus, and the total number of follicles between periods. However, there was a difference in large increased follicle diameter (P < 0.05) during the dry season. The average concentrations of P4 in mares differed (P < 0.05) between the pre- and post-ovulatory phases for both seasons and after ovulation, with higher concentrations in the rainy season. Furthermore, statistical differences in daily light (P < 0.05) were observed between the dry and rainy periods. Thus, we conclude that mares from the genetic grouping Baixadeiro showed no reproductive seasonality, though there was a difference in luminosity between the rainy and dry seasons. The treatment with two doses of PGF 2α was effective in synchronizing the mares, promoting the return of estrus in the dry and rainy periods. The mares remaining cyclically active throughout the year provided there were appropriate forage availability and quality levels to allow for normal values of body weight and condition.

Abstract Objective Therapeutic targets in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM) are based on the opinions of physicians/specialists, which may not reflect the main concerns of patients. The authors, therefore, assessed the outcome concerns of patients with IIM and compared them with the concerns of rheumatologists in order to develop an IIM outcome standard set. Methods Ninety-three IIM patients, 51 rheumatologists, and one physiotherapist were invited to participate. An open questionnaire was initially applied. The top 10 answers were selected and applied in a multiple-choice questionnaire, inquiring about the top 3 major concerns. Answers were compared, and the agreement rate was calculated. Concerns were gathered in an IIM outcome standard set with validated measures. Results The top three outcome concerns raised by patients were medication side effects/muscle weakness/prevention functionality loss. The top three concerns among rheumatologists were to prevent loss of functionality/to ensure the quality of life/to achieve disease remission. Other's outcomes concerns only pointed out by patients were muscle pain/diffuse pain/skin lesions/fatigue. The agreement rate between both groups was 41%. Assessment of these parameters guided the development of an IIM standard set which included Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Visual Analogue Scale/Manual Muscle Testing/fatigue and pain Global Visual Analogue Scale/Health Assessment Questionnaire/level of physical activity. Conclusion The authors propose a novel standard set to be pursued in IIM routine follow-up, which includes not only the main patients/rheumatologist outcome concerns but also additional important outcomes only indicated by patients. Future studies are necessary to confirm if this comprehensive approach will result in improved adherence and ultimately in better assistance.

Abstract Controlled release systems can modify the release rate of drugs and direct them to specific sites of action, making them more effective and/or reducing the adverse effects. The objective of this study was investigated, poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanospheres to improve the delivery of Simvastatin (SIM). Nanospheres were prepared by the emulsion/evaporation technique of the solvent, varying the amount of SIM added. The SIM quantification was performed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. The average diameter and PDI of formulations without SIM were lower 250 nm and 0.3, respectively. Nanospheres containing 30% of SIM showed values of 265 nm and 0.09, respectively. The average zeta potential was -31.8 mV, suggesting the predominance of repulsive forces that prevent aggregation. In vitro release suggest transport occurs by diffusion. Morphological analysis demonstrated spherical particles and rough surfaces. In conclusion, data suggest that PHB/PCL nanospheres are promising delivery systems to SIM.

Resumo: A Teoria das Restrições (Theory of Constraints - TOC) afirma que todo sistema possui uma única restrição que limita seu desempenho, na qual os esforços de melhoria deveriam ser concentrados. Este artigo comparou, mediante simulação computacional, diversos métodos de identificação do recurso com restrição de capacidade na perspectiva de um processo de melhoria contínua. Foram simuladas seis configurações de linha de produção make-to-stock (MTS) gerenciadas pelo sistema Tambor Pulmão Corda Simplificado (TPC-S), nas quais foram aplicados seis métodos de melhoria, três deles fundamentados na literatura da TOC, e seus desempenhos medidos e comparados em termos de tempo de ciclo e taxa de preenchimento de pedidos. Os resultados demonstraram que, em sistemas balanceados, melhorias espalhadas por todos os recursos permitiram melhores resultados, pois, neste caso, é necessário melhorar tudo para beneficiar o desempenho global. Em ambientes desbalanceados, por outro lado, os três métodos recomendados pela TOC, os quais recomendam esforços concentrados no ponto mais frágil do sistema, alcançaram desempenho superior, com destaque para a estratégia baseada no nível de utilização. Isto permite que, na prática, gestores possam concentrar suas atenções no recurso com maior grau de utilização, tornando mais rápida a implementação das melhorias e a percepção dos benefícios alcançados.

Abstract: Theory of Constraints (TOC) states that every system has a single constraint that limits its performance, on which improvement efforts should be concentrated. This paper compared, through computer simulation, several methods of identifying the capacity-constrained resource in the perspective of a process of continuous improvement. Six make-to-stock (MTS) production line configurations managed by the Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope (S-DBR) system were simulated, in which six improvement methods were applied, three of them based on the TOC literature, and their performance measured and compared in terms of cycle time and order fill rate. The results showed that, in balanced systems, improvements spread over all resources allowed better results, because, in this case, it is necessary to improve everything to benefit the overall performance. In unbalanced environments, on the other hand, the three methods recommended by TOC, which recommend efforts concentrated on the weakest point of the system, achieved superior performance, with emphasis on the strategy based on the level of utilization. In addition to advancing the frontiers of knowledge in continuous improvement and TOC, the research results show that managers should focus their attention on the resource with the highest degree of utilization to get better and faster performance gains.

Abstract Background: To assess the prevalence and clinical relevance of anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies in a representative sample of patients with definite dermatomyositis (DM). Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place from 2005 to 2020 and assessed 118 adult patients from a tertiary center who were diagnosed with definite DM. A commercial kit was used to detect anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies. Results: The presence of anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies was observed in 10 out of 118 (8.5%) patients with definite DM. The following variables were comparable between individuals with and without anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies: age at diagnosis, sex, ethnicity, disease duration, follow-up period, recurrence rate, complete clinical response, death rate, and cancer incidence. There was no difference in clinical features between groups, except for an increased prevalence of “mechanic's hands,” joint involvement, and lung disease, as well as a reduced occurrence of skin findings in patients positive for anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies. No anti-Jo-1-positive patients went into remission; they required greater use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs. Conclusions: Anti-Jo-1 positivity was found in 8.5% of patients with definite DM. This autoantibody was associated with an antisynthetase syndrome phenotype and might predict clinical outcomes in patients with definite DM.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate soil attributes and root distribution in areas under forest conversion to cultivated environments. The study was carried out in four areas: forest, cupuaçu, guarana and annatto, located in the municipality of Canutama, state of Amazonas. Soils and volumetric rings were collected in the layers 0.00 – 0.10; 0.10 – 0.20; 0.20 – 0.30; 0.30 – 0.40; and 0.40 – 0.50 m for analyses of physical and chemical attributes and root distribution. Univariate statistical analyses were carried out, the means were compared with the Tukey’s test (p < 0.05) and Pearson’s correlation (p < 0.05 and < 0.01). The forest area and the cultivated environments present soil chemical limitations for agricultural production, whereas the physical attributes presented satisfactory values. The chemical attributes underwent major changes and degradations upon conversion to agriculture. Major changes were observed in the layers of 0.00 – 0.10 and 0.10 – 0.20 m for the studied areas. Cupuaçu cultivation showed higher values of roots dry weight (RDW) and roots distribution (RD), with the highest values found in the 0.00 – 0.10 and 0.10 – 0.20 m layers.

RESUMO: A mastite é uma doença multifatorial e é considerada um dos problemas mais importantes na indústria de laticínios no mundo todo. A condição é caracterizada pela redução de leite e várias anormalidades na glândula mamária. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um surto de mastite gangrenosa causada por Staphylococcus haemolyticus multirresistente em um rebanho ovino Santa Inês. Dezoito ovelhas foram afetadas e cinco delas com quadro clínico severo foram examinadas. O quadro clínico-patológico era variável quanto a severidade e consistia em apatia, anorexia, magreza, pelos opacos e quebradiços e vasos episclerais aparentes e ingurgitados. As ovelhas apresentavam glândulas aumentadas, firmes e dolorosas. Macroscopicamente, as principais lesões consistiam em mastite gangrenosa e microscopicamente havia necrose do parênquima glandular, trombose e fibrose. Amostras de leite de uma das cinco ovelhas severamente afetadas foram coletadas e cultivadas sob incubação aeróbica ou microaerofílica a 37°C por 24 horas em ágar sangue de ovelha. As colônias obtidas foram então submetidas ao MALDI-TOF para especiação. Além disso, as colônias foram submetidas a um teste de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana e foi realizada a genotipagem de fatores de virulência e genes de resistência. Os isolados apresentaram multirresistência antimicrobiana por serem resistentes a sete dos 13 antibióticos testados. Os isolados também foram positivos para dois genes enterotoxigênicos estafilocócicos (sec e see) e proteína B de ligação à fibronectina (fnbB).

ABSTRACT: Mastitis is a multifactorial disease and considered one of the most critical problems in the dairy industry worldwide. The condition is characterized by reduced milk and several abnormalities in the mammary gland. This study aimed to report an outbreak of gangrenous mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus in a Santa Inês sheep herd. Eighteen sheep were affected, and five of them with severe clinical pictures were examined. The clinical and pathological picture were variable and characterized by apathy, anorexia, emaciation, opaque and brittle hair, apparent and congested episcleral vessels, and hyperthermia. These ewes had enlarged, firm, and painful mammary glands. Macroscopically, these lesions consisted of severe gangrenous mastitis, and microscopically, the primary lesions consisted of necrosis, thrombosis, and fibrosis of the mammary parenchyma. Milk samples from one of the five severely affected ewes were collected and cultured under aerobic or microaerophilic incubation at 37°C for 24 hours on sheep blood agar. The obtained colonies were then submitted to MALDI-TOF for speciation. The colonies were also submitted to an antimicrobial susceptibility test, genotyping of virulence factors and resistance genes were also performed. The isolates showed antimicrobial multiresistance since they were resistant to seven out of 13 tested antibiotics. The isolates were also positive for two staphylococcal enterotoxigenic genes (sec and see) and fibronectin-binding protein B (fnbB).

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the bibliometric indicators of scientific production available in online journals that address Covid-19. Method: bibliometric study using Bradford's Law, network maps and textual statistics conducted with publications available in databases, from January to March 2020. Results: the sample consisted of 110 scientific articles. The main authors of the studies were linked to 83 institutions in 30 countries, giving priority to medical training. China was the country that published the most, providing a large number of research data. Patients infected with Covid-19 and the population in general made up the study populations and the hospital environment was the place where most of the research was performed. The journal with the highest number of publications has a high scientific influence among academic journals. The predominance of themes about Covid-19 was observed through the analysis of terms. Conclusion: bibliometric indicators indicate existing directions and gaps in the scientific production of Covid-19, which will assist in the development of future research, especially at the national level.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir los indicadores bibliométricos de producción científica disponibles en revistas online que abordan Covid-19. Métodos: estudio bibliométrico utilizando la Ley de Bradford, mapas de red y estadísticas textuales realizadas con publicaciones disponibles en bases de datos, de enero a marzo de 2020. Resultados: la muestra consistió en 110 artículos científicos. Los principales autores de los estudios estaban vinculados a 83 instituciones en 30 países, dando prioridad a la formación médica. China fue el país que más publicó, proporcionando una gran cantidad de datos de investigación. Los pacientes infectados con Covid-19 y la población en general formaron las poblaciones de estudio y el entorno hospitalario fue el lugar donde se realizó la mayor parte de la investigación. La revista con el mayor número de publicaciones tiene una alta influencia científica entre las revistas académicas. A través del análisis de los términos, se observó el predominio de temas sobre Covid-19. Conclusión: los indicadores bibliométricos indican las direcciones y lagunas existentes en la producción científica de Covid-19, lo que ayudará en el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones, especialmente a nivel nacional.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever os indicadores bibliométricos da produção científica disponível em periódicos online que abordam a Covid-19. Método: estudo bibliométrico com utilização da Lei de Bradford, de mapas de redes e estatística textual realizado com publicações disponibilizadas em bases de dados, no período de janeiro a março de 2020. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 110 artigos científicos. Os autores principais dos estudos tinham vinculações com 83 instituições distribuídas em 30 países, apresentando prioritariamente a formação em medicina. China foi o país que mais publicou, fornecendo grande número de dados de pesquisa. Pacientes infectados pela Covid-19 e a população em geral compuseram as populações dos estudos e o ambiente hospitalar foi o local de desenvolvimento da maior parte das pesquisas. O periódico com maior quantitativo de publicações possui alta influência científica entre as revistas acadêmicas. Por meio da análise dos termos, observou-se a predominância de temáticas acerca da Covid-19. Conclusão: os indicadores bibliométricos indicam direcionamentos e lacunas existentes sobre a produção científica da Covid-19, os quais auxiliarão no desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras, sobretudo no âmbito nacional.